BOT-402 NOTES

BOTANY
BOT-402 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY NOTES

Unit-I 

Lecture - 1 Molecular Biology: The discovery of DNA, evidences indication DNA as the genetic material, types of DNA, closed super coiled DNA, denaturing and renaturing of DNA, DNA hybridization:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/molecular-biology-discovery-of-dna.html

Lecture - 2 DNA Replicaton: mechanism, enzymes, evidences in support of semi conservative replication:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/dna-replication-mechanism-enzymes.html

Unit-II

Lecture - 3 RNA structures and types, transcription, control at initiation and termination, attenuation, heterogenous RNA processing, capping and tailing:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/rna-structures-types-transcription.html

Lecture - 4 Gene structure and function: lac operon, trytophan operon:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/gene-structure-and-function-lac-operon.html

Unit-III

Lecture - 5 Genetic Engineering: Principles and Applications:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/genetic-engineering-principles-and.html

Lecture - 6 Techniques employed in recombination DNA technology: isolation and purification of DNA, Electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, Southern and Northern blotting, PCR and its application:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/techniques-employed-in-recombination.html

Lecture - 7 Basic concepts about cDNA, gene and genomic library:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/12/basic-concepts-about-cdna-and-genomic.html

Unit-IV

Lecture - 8 Gene transfer techniques: Vector mediated gene transfer, plasmids, cosmids, phages, YAC, BAC and HAC. Vectorless direct gene transfer. Cloning strategies:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/gene-transfer-techniques-vector.html

Lecture - 9 Gene transfer in plants, Agro bacterium mediated gene transfer. Crown gall disease, the tumour inducing principle and Ti plasmid, incorporation of T- DNA into plant cells:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2022/11/gene-transfer-in-plants-agro-bacterium.html

Lecture - 10 Transgenic plants: Application and achievements:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/transgenic-plants-application-and.html

Unit-V

Lecture - 11 Plant tissue culture: Introduction, history, tools, techniques and applications:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/plant-tissue-culture-introduction.html

Lecture - 12 Micropropagation, callus culture, cell suspension culture, haploid culture, somatic embryogenesis:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/micropropagation-callus-culture-cell.html

Lecture - 13 Protoplast culture: Isolation, purification and culture, protoplast fusion, Cybrids, Somatic hybrids and Somaclonal variations:-

Lecture - 14 Biotransformation; Production of useful compounds through cell-culture, Biofermentors:-

https://plantbreeding2010.blogspot.com/2026/09/biotransformation-production-of-useful.html