Participatory Plant Breeding

UPDATED ON:- 01-01-2024

Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB):-

परिभाषा (Definition):-

•   जब पादप प्रजनन प्रोग्राम का विकास पादप प्रजनक व किसानों के सहयोग व समन्वय से किया जाता है तो इसे PPB कहते हैं।

(When a plant breeding program is developed with the cooperation and coordination of plant breeders and farmers, it is called PPB.)

उद्देश्य (Objective):-

•   उत्पादन व लाभ को बढ़ाना

(Increase production and profitability)

•   एक विशेष प्रकार के उपयोगकर्ता को लाभ पहुंचाना

(Benefiting a particular type of user)

•   किसानों में कौशल विकसित करना

(Develop skills in farmers)

सहभागिता (Participation):- PPB दो प्रकार के participation को बढ़ावा देती है –

(PPB promotes two types of participation -)

i. कार्यात्मक सहभागिता (Functional participation):- इसमें पादप प्रजनक अपनी Research को किसानों के एक विशिष्ट समुह की आवश्यकता के अनुसार निर्दिष्ट करता है। जैसे – पुरुष, महिला, अमीर, गरीब आदि।

(In this, plant breeder direct his research according to the needs of a specific group of farmers. Such as - man, woman, rich, poor etc.)

ii. सशक्तिकरण सहभागिता (Empowering participation):- इसमें किसान के ज्ञान व कौशल को बढ़ाया जाता है।

(In this, the knowledge and skills of the farmer are enhanced.)

चरण (Steps):-

•   प्रजनन उद्देश्य की पहचान करना

(Identification of breeding objective)

•   आनुवांशिक विविधता उत्पन्न करना

(Generating genetic diversity)

•   विविधतापूर्ण समष्टि से वरण करना

(Selection from diverse population)

•   नयी किस्म का मूल्यांकन करना

(Evaluation of new variety)

•   किस्म का विमोचन करना

(Release of new variety)

•   किस्म को विख्यात करना

(To make the variety famous)

•   बीज उत्पादन

(Seed Production)

उपयोगी प्रजनन प्रोग्राम (Useful Breeding Programme):-

•   TPB (Traditional Plant Breeding) के अनुसार (According to TPB):-

i. एक बड़ा क्षेत्र जहां फसल एक बड़े पैमाने पर उगाई जाती है।

(A large area where the crop is grown at large scale.)

ii. एक क्षेत्र जहां किसानों को उर्वरक, कीटनाशी, सिंचाई आदि आसानी से उपलब्ध हो जाते हैं।

(An area where fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation etc. are easily available to the farmers.)

उदाहरण (Example):-

Ø  हरित क्रान्ति के दौरान गेहूँ व धान की किस्में

(Varieties of wheat and paddy during the Green Revolution)

Ø  उष्ण व शीतोष्ण क्षेत्रों के लिए संकर मक्का

(Hybrid maize for tropical and temperate regions)

Ø  सींचित क्षेत्रों व वाणिज्यिक सब्जी उत्पादन के लिए किस्में

(Varieties for irrigated areas and commercial vegetable production)

•   PPB (Participatory Plant Breeding) के अनुसार (According to PPB):-

i. एक क्षेत्र जहां फसल का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन नहीं होता है।

(An area where the crop is not produced at large scale.)

ii. सीमांत फसल उत्पादन क्षेत्र जहां वातावरण अधिक विभिन्नता दर्शाता है।

(Marginal crop production areas where the environment shows more variation.)

iii. एक क्षेत्र जहां कृषि एक जोखिम होता है।

(An area where agriculture is risk prone.)

उदाहरण (Example):- 

अरहर का ICRISAT में प्रजनन

(Breeding of pigeon pea in ICRISAT)

TPB versus PPB:-

i. TPB आपूर्ति पर आधारित प्रक्रिया है।

(TPB is a supply-based process.)

ii. PPB आवश्यकता पर आधारित प्रक्रिया है।

(PPB is a need-based process.)