Cowpea Crop Improvement

OUTLINE NOTES

लोबिया फसल उन्नयन (Cowpea Crop Improvement):-

1. परिचय (Introduction):-

·         सामान्य नाम:- लोबिया 

(Common Names:- Cowpea, Black eyed pea, Southern pea)

·         वानस्पतिक नाम:- Vigna unguiculata

(Botanical Name:- Vigna unguiculata)

·         कुल:- लेग्यूमिनोसी या फैबेसी

(Family:- Leguminosae or Febaceae)

·     उपकुल:- पैपिलिओनेसी 

(Sub family:- Papilionaceae)

·         गुणसूत्र संख्या:- 2n = 2x = 22

(Chromosome Numbers:- 2n = 2x = 22)

2. उत्पत्ति केन्द्र (Center of Origin):-

·         लोबिया का प्राथमिक उत्पत्ति केन्द्र अफ्रीका है।

(The primary center of origin of cowpea is Africa.)

·         अफ्रीका महाद्वीप में लोबिया के लिए कोई निश्चित उत्पत्ति केंद्र ज्ञात नहीं है। इथोपिया, केंद्रीय अफ्रीका, दक्षिण अफ्रीका, पश्चिम अफ्रीका आदि सभी को लोबिया का उत्पत्ति केन्द्र माना जाता है।

(No definite origin center for cowpea is known in the continent of Africa. Ethiopia, Central Africa, South Africa, West Africa etc. are all considered to be the center of origin of cowpea.)

·         लोबिया का द्वितीयक उत्पत्ति केन्द्र भारत  चीन को माना जाता है।

(India and China are considered to be secondary centers of origin of cowpea.)

3. उपजातियाँ (Sub-species):-

·         Verdcourt ने 1970 में Vigna unguiculata को 3 उपजातियों में विभाजित किया:-

(Verdcourt divided Vigna unguiculata into 3 sub-species in 1970: -)

a. Vigna unguiculata unguiculata:- कृष्य उपजाति (Cultivated sub species)

b. Vigna unguiculata dekindtiana:- जंगली उपजाति (Wild sub-species)

c. Vigna unguiculata mensensis:- जंगली उपजाति (Wild sub-species)

·         Marechal ने 1978 में Vigna unguiculata unguiculata उपजाति को आगे 3 कृष्य समूहों (Cultigroups) में विभाजित किया:-

(Marechal further subdivided the Vigna unguiculata unguiculata sub-species into 3 cultigroups in 1978: -)

i. Unguiculata:- सबसे अधिक विविध  सबसे अधिक वितरित कृष्य समूह है जिसे लोबिया कहते हैं। इसकी खेती अफ्रीकाभारत  ब्राजील में की जाती है।

(This is the most diverse and most distributed cultivar group, which is called cowpea. It is cultivated in Africa, India and Brazil.)

ii. Biflora:- इसे सामान्य भाषा में Catjang bean कहते हैं। इसका उपयोग सूखे बीजों  चारे के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है।

(It is commonly called Catjang bean. It is used as dry seeds and fodder.)

iii. Sesquipedalis:- इसे सामान्य भाषा में yard – long bean या asparagus bean कहते हैं। इसकी पोड्स  कभी कभी इसकी पत्तियों की सब्जी बनाई जाती है।

(It is commonly called yard - long bean or asparagus bean. Its pods and sometimes its leaves are used as vegetable.)


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