Organogenesis

OUTLINE NOTES

अंगजनन (Organogenesis):-

1. सामान्य परिचय (General Introduction):-

·     परिभाषा (Definition):- ऊतक संवर्धन में कर्तोतक की कोशिकाओं से अपस्थानिक मूलतनेपर्णपुष्प कलिका आदि के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया को अंगजनन कहते हैं।

(In tissue culture, the process of the formation of the adventitious root, stem, leaf, flower bud etc. from the cells of explant is called organogenesis.)

·     अपस्थानिक (Adventitious):- जब पादप अंग का निर्माण कर्तोतक के ऐसे असामान्य उत्पत्ति बिन्दु से होता है जहाँ पहले से बना हुआ विभज्योतक अनुपस्थित होता है तो इसे अपस्थानिक अंग निर्माण कहते हैं।

(When the plant organ is produced from such an unusual point of origin in the explant where the pre-existing meristem is absent, it is called adventitious organ formation.)

2. महत्वपूर्ण शब्द (Important Terms):-

·     निर्विभेदन (Dedifferentiation):- जब कर्तोतक को माध्यम पर स्थापित किया जाता है तो उसमें कोशिका विभाजन शुरू हो जाता है जिससे अविभेदित कोशिकाओं का एक समूह बनता है जिसे कैलस कहते हैं। कर्तोतक की कोशिकाएं विभेदित होती हैं जबकि कैलस की कोशिकाएं अविभेदित होती हैं। इस प्रकार विभेदित कोशिकाओं से अविभेदित कोशिकाओं का निर्माण होता है। यह प्रक्रिया निर्विभेदन कहलाती है।

(When the explant is placed on the medium, cell division begins in it, forming a group of undifferentiated cells called callus. The cells of the explant are differentiated while the cells of the callus are undifferentiated. Thus undifferentiated cells are formed from differentiated cells. This process is called dedifferentiation.)

·     पुनर्विभेदन (Redifferentiation):- कैलस की कुछ कोशिकाएं अंग आध्यकों में विभेदित हो जाती हैं जो विभज्योतक कोशिकाओं को उत्पन्न करते हैं जिनसे पादप के अंगों का निर्माण होता है। इस प्रकार कैलस की अविभेदित कोशिकाओं के विभेदन से पादप अंगों का निर्माण होता है। इसे पुनर्विभेदन कहते हैं।

(Some cells of the callus differentiate into organ primordia that produce meristematic cells from which plant organs are formed. Thus differentiation of the undifferentiated cells of the callus creates plant organs. This is called redifferentiation.)


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