Pollen Culture

OUTLINE NOTES

परागकण संवर्धन (Pollen Culture):-

1. परिचय (Introduction):-

·         परिभाषा (Definition):- 

परागकण या लघुबीजाणु संवर्धन एक कृत्रिम प्रक्रिया है जिसमें निर्जमित परिस्थितियों में परागकण या लघुबीजाणु को इसकी एककेन्द्रकी अवस्था पर साबुत परागकोष से निकाला जाता है और पोषक माध्यम पर संवर्धित किया जाता है।

(Pollen grain or microspore culture is an artificial process in which pollens or microspores are extracted from the intact anther at its uni-nucleated state and cultured on the nutrient medium under sterilized conditions.)

·         एंड्रोजेनेसिस (Androgenesis):- पूर्णशक्त परागकण से कोशिका विभाजन  विभेदन की श्रंखला द्वारा अगुणित पौधों के कृत्रिम रूप से विकसित होने की प्रक्रिया को एंड्रोजेनेसिस कहते हैं। यह 2 प्रकार का होता है –

(The process of artificial development of haploid plants by a series of cell division and differentiation from a totipotent pollen is called androgenesis. It is of two types -)

i. प्रत्यक्ष एंड्रोजेनेसिस (Direct Androgenesis):- 

लघुबीजाणु जाइगोट के समान व्यवहार करता है तथा कुछ परिवर्तनों द्वारा भ्रूण समान संरचना का निर्माण करता है जो आगे अगुणित पौधे में विकसित हो जाता है। इसे भ्रूणजनन कहते हैं।

(The microspore behaves like a zygote and by some changes the it forms a embryo like structure which further develops into haploid plants. This is called embryogenesis.)

ii. अप्रत्यक्ष एंड्रोजेनेसिस (Indirect Androgenesis):- 

लघुबीजाणु बार बार विभाजित होकर कैलस ऊतक का निर्माण करता है। इसमें विभेदन होने से अगुणित पौधा बन जाता है। इसे अंगजनन कहते हैं।

(The microspore divides repeatedly to form the callus tissue. Differentiation leads to development of haploid plant. This is called organogenesis.)

2. सिद्धान्त (Principle):-

·         लघुबीजाणु की पूर्णशक्तता के उपयोग से अगुणित पौधे का निर्माण किया जाता है।

(The haploid plant is developed using the totipotency of the microspore.)

·         लघुबीजाणु में गुणसूत्रों का केवल एक समुचय उपस्थित होता है।

(Only one set of chromosomes is present in the microspore.)


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