Sesame Crop Improvement

तिल फसल उन्नयन (Sesame Crop Improvement):-

1. परिचय (Introduction):-

·    सामान्य नाम:- तिल

(Common Name:- Sesame)

·    वानस्पतिक नाम:- Sesamum indicum

(Botanical Name:- Sesamum indicum)

·    कुल:- पैडेलिएसी

(Family:- Pedaliaceae)

2. उत्पत्ति केन्द्र (Center of Origin):-

·    तिल के दो उत्पत्ति केन्द्र माने जाते हैं –

(The sesame has two origin centers -)

i. पूर्वी अफ्रीका (इथोपिया):- तिल की अधिकांश जंगली जातियाँ यहाँ पायी जाती हैं।

[East Africa (Ethiopia): - Most of the wild species of sesame are found here.]

ii. एशिया (भारत व केंद्रीय एशिया):-

[Asia (India and Central Asia)]

Ø  हड़प्पा सभ्यता में 5000 वर्ष पुराने तिल के जले हुए बीज मिले हैं।

(In the Harappan civilization, 5000 years old burnt sesame seeds have been found.)

Ø  Sesamum malabaricum एक जंगली जाति है जो भारत के केवल कुछ निश्चित क्षेत्रों में ही पायी जाती है। यह कृष्य तिल के समान ही होती है तथा इसका आसानी से कृष्य तिल के साथ क्रॉस कराया जा सकता है। इस क्रॉस से उत्पन्न बीज व पौधे उर्वर होते हैं। यह जाति कृष्य तिल का खरपतवार प्रतिस्थापी हो सकता है।

(Sesamum malabaricum is a wild species found only in certain areas of India. This is similar to cultivated sesame and it can be easily crossed with cultivated sesame. The seeds and plants produced by this cross are fertile. This species can be a weed replacement for the cultivated sesame.)

3. जातियाँ व गुणसूत्र संख्या (Species and chromosome numbers):-

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