Lecture-4 General Procedure of Foundation and Certified Seed Production

आधार व प्रमाणीकृत बीज उत्पादन की सामान्य विधि (General Procedure of Foundation and Certified Seed Production):-

1. बीज स्त्रोत (Seed Source):-

·   प्रमाणीकृत संस्था द्वारा मान्य स्त्रोत से ही बीज लेकर आधार व प्रमाणीकृत बीज का उत्पादन किया जाना चाहिये ताकि आनुवांशिक शुद्धता को बनाकर रखा जा सके।

(The foundation and certified seed should be produced by taking the seeds from the source approved by the certification agency so that the genetic purity can be maintained.)

2. खेत का चयन (Field Selection):-

·   खेत की स्थिति पृथक्करण आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप होनी चाहिए।

(The location of the field should be according to isolation requirements.)

·   खेत में पिछले वर्ष वही फसल न उगाई गई हो।

(The same crop has not been grown in the field last year.)

3. पृथक्करण (Isolation):-

·   बीज फसल में कई कारक संदूषण फैला सकते हैं।

(Many factors can spread contamination in a seed crop.)

·   इन कारकों द्वारा संदूषण को रोकने के लिए पृथक्करण दूरी का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(Isolation distance is used to prevent contamination by these factors.)

4. खेत प्रक्रियाएं (Farm Operations):-

a. खेत की तैयारी (Field Preparation):-

Ø  खेत को तैयार करने के लिए उपयुक्त नमी अवस्था में खेत की जुताई करके खेत को समतल कर लेते हैं।

(To prepare the field, plow and level the field in suitable moisture condition.)

b. बुवाई (Sowing):-

Ø  बीज की बुवाई मृदा की उचित नमी अवस्था पर की जाती है।

(Seeds are sown at the suitable moisture condition of the soil.)

c. उर्वरक (Fertilizers):-

Ø  पौधों व दानों के उचित विकास के लिए NPK प्रमुख पोषक तत्व होते हैं। इनकी आपूर्ति के लिए खाद व उर्वरक देते हैं।

(NPK are the major nutrient elements for the proper growth of plants and grains. To supply these, manures and fertilizers are given.)

d. सिंचाई (Irrigation):-

Ø  पौधों व बीजों की अच्छी वृद्धि व विकास के लिए अनेक सिंचाइयाँ करनी पड़ती हैं।

(For the good growth and development of plants and seeds, many irrigations have to be given.)

e. पादप सुरक्षा (Plant Protection):-

Ø  बीज फसल खरपतवारों, कीटों व रोगों से सुरक्षित रहनी चाहिए।

(The seed crop should be protected from weeds, insects and diseases.)

5. रोगिंग (Rogueing):-

·   अन्य फसली पौधों, खरपतवारों व रोगी पौधों को समय समय पर बीज फसल से निकालना रोगिंग कहलाता है।

(Removing other crop plants, weeds and diseased plants periodically from seed field is called rogueing.)

6. कटाई व गहाई (Harvesting and Threshing):-

·   बीज की पूर्ण परिपक्वता व उचित नमी अवस्था पर ही फसल की कटाई की जाती है।

(The crop is harvested only at full maturity and proper moisture content of the seed.)