Lecture-3 Seed Quality: Definition, Characters of Good Quality Seed, Different Classes of Seed

बीज गुणत्ता (Seed Quality):- उन्नत किस्म के बीज की अंकुरण क्षमता, बीज ओज, बीज स्वास्थ्य, बीज नमी, भौतिक शुद्धता व आनुवंशिक शुद्धता को सम्मिलित रूप से बीज गुणत्ता कहते हैं।

(The germination capacity, seed vigor, seed health, seed moisture, physical purity and genetic purity of seed of improved variety is combinedly known as seed quality.)

गुणत्ता सम्पन्न बीज के लक्षण (Characters of Good Quality Seeds):- अच्छे बीज को 2 प्रकारों में विभाजित किया गया है –

(Good seeds are divided into 2 types -)

1. उन्नत बीज के लक्षण (Characters of Improved Seed):- उन्नत किस्म का बीज जो स्थानीय किस्मों से बेहतर होता है, उन्नत बीज कहलाता है। इसमें निम्न लक्षण होते हैं –

(The seed of improved variety which is better than the local variety is called improved seed. It has the following characters -)

Ø  अधिक उपज (Higher Yield)

Ø  अच्छी गुणवत्ता (Better Quality)

Ø  अधिक अनुकूलता (Wider Adaptability)

2. उत्तम बीज के लक्षण (Characters of Superior Seed):- इसमें निम्न लक्षण होते हैं –

(It has the following characters -)

Ø  अधिक भौतिक शुद्धता (High Physical Purity)

Ø  उचित नमी (Optimum moisture)

Ø  अधिक आनुवंशिक शुद्धता (High genetic purity)

बीज सूचकांक (Seed Index):-

Ø  100 बीजों का भार बीज सूचकांक कहलाता है।

(The weight of 100 seeds is called Seed Index.)

Ø  बड़े बीजों को मापने के लिए इसका उपयोग किया जाता है।

(It is used to measure large seeds.)

Ø  उदाहरण (Example):- मक्का (Maize)

परीक्षण भार (Test Weight):-

Ø  1000 बीजों का भार परीक्षण भार कहलाता है।

(The weight of 1000 seeds is called Test Weight.)

Ø  छोटे बीजों को मापने के लिए इसका उपयोग किया जाता है।

(It is used to measure small seeds.)

Ø  उदाहरण (Example):- सरसों (Mustard)

Real Value of Seed:-

Ø  बीज प्रमाणीकरण के दौरान किसी किस्म के जितने प्रतिशत बीज पौधे उत्पन्न करते हैं, RV कहलाता है।

(The percentage of seeds that produce plants during seed certification is called RV.)

Dockage:- किसी बीज नमूने में उपस्थित अशुद्धियों की प्रतिशत मात्रा को Dockage कहते हैं।

(The percent amount of impurities present in a seed sample is called Dockage.)

बीज के विभिन्न वर्ग (Different classes of seed):- शुद्ध बीज 4 प्रकार के होते हैं –

[There are 4 types of pure seeds -]

1. प्रजनक बीज (Breeder seed):-

Ø  ऐसे शुद्ध बीज जिन्हें प्रत्यक्ष रूप से पादप प्रजनक की देखरेख में उत्पादित किया जाता है, प्रजनक बीज कहलाते हैं।

(Pure seeds that are produced directly under the supervision of plant breeders are called breeder seeds.)

Ø  इसके पैकेट पर Golden tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(The Golden tag is used on its packet.)

2. आधार बीज (Foundation seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन प्रजनक बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by the propagation of breeder seed.)

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर White tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(White tag is used on its packets.)

3. पंजीकृत बीज (Registered seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन आधार बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by the propagation of foundation seed.)

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर Purple tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(Purple tag is used on its packets.)

4. प्रमाणीकृत बीज (Certified seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन आधार बीज या पंजीकृत बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by propagation of foundation or registered seed.)

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर Blue tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(Blue tags are used on its packets.)