Pleiotropism, Pseudo alleles, Multiple Alleles and Blood Group Genetics

UPDATED ON:- 01-01-2024

Pleiotropism, Pseudo alleles, Multiple Alleles and Blood Group Genetics:-

प्लीओट्रोपिज्म (Pleiotropism):-

·         Gr. – pleio = many (अनेक)

               tropic = effects (प्रभाव)

·         परिभाषा (Definition):- जब एक जीन एक से अधिक आनुवंशिक लक्षणों को नियंत्रित करता है तो इस प्रक्रिया को Pleiotropism कहते हैं। 

(When a single gene controls more than one genetic traits, then this is called Pleiotropism. Such a gene is called as pleiotropic gene.)

·         उदाहरण (Example):- Sickle Cell Anemia Disease (Autosomal recessive disorder)

कूट युग्म विकल्पी (Pseudo alleles):- जब एक जैसे कार्यों वाले 2 जीन गुणसूत्र पर एक – दूसरे के इतने पास – पास स्थित होते हैं कि वे एक – दूसरे से आनुवंशिक रूप से जुड़ जाते हैं तथा हमेशा साथ – साथ वंशागत होते हैं, Pseudo alleles कहलाते हैं। एक जैसे कार्य होने के कारण ऐसा लगता है कि वे एक ही जीन हो।

(When 2 genes with similar functions are located so close to each other on a chromosome that they are genetically linked to each other and are always inherited together, it is called pseudo alleles. Since they have similar functions, they appear to be the same gene.)

बहुयुग्म विकल्पी (Multiple Alleles):- जब एक जीन के 2 से अधिक युग्म विकल्पी होते हैं तो इन्हें बहुयुग्म विकल्पी कहते हैं। 

(When a single gene has more than 2 alleles, it is called multiple alleles.)

उदाहरण (Example):- ABO रक्त समूह (ABO blood group)

रक्त समूह आनुवंशिकता (Blood Group Genetics):-