Lecture-14 Seed Act and Seed Act Enforcement. Duty and Powers of Seed Inspector, Offences and Penalties. Seeds Control Order 1983

बीज विधान (Seed Legislation):-

·         बीज गुणवत्ता नियंत्रण (Seed Quality Control):- बीज गुणवत्ता का नियंत्रण बीज उत्पादन प्रोग्राम का मुख्य केन्द्र बिन्दु होता है। यह निम्न कारणों से महत्वपूर्ण है –

(Control of seed quality is the main focus of the seed production program. This is important due to the following reasons -)

i. यह किसान का बीज के किसी एक ब्रांड में रुचि को बढ़ाता है।

(This increases the interest of the farmer in any one brand of seed.)

ii. यह किसी एक बीज ब्रांड की ख्याति को बनाए रखता है।

(It maintains the reputation of a single seed brand.)

iii. यह बीज की उच्च गुणवत्ता की गारंटी देता है।

(This guarantees the high quality of the seeds.)


बीज अधिनियम, 1966 (Seed Act, 1966):-

·         प्रारम्भ (Comencement):- बीज अधिनियम 2 अक्टूबर 1969 को लागू हुआ।

(The Seeds Act came into force on 2 October 1969.)

1. Central Seed Committee (CSC):- केन्द्र सरकार इसका गठन करती है। यह प्रशासन  बीज सम्बन्धी मामलों में केन्द्र सरकार  राज्य सरकारों को सलाह देने का कार्य करती है।

(The Central Government constitutes this. It serves to advise the Central Government and State Governments in matters related to administration and seeds.)

Ø  बीज सम्बन्धी मामले (Seed Related Matters):-

i. नई किस्म का विमोचन

(Release of new variety)

ii. नोटिफिकेशन

(Notification)

iii. बीज प्रमाणीकरण मानकों का निर्धारण

(Determination of seed certification standards)

Ø  सदस्य (Members):-

2. Central Seed Testing Laboratory (CSTL):- 

केन्द्र सरकार के द्वारा इसकी स्थापना की जाती है अथवा किसी भी STL को CSTL के रूप में घोषित कर दिया जाता है।

(It is established by the Central Government or any STL is declared as CSTL.)

Ø  IARI, New Delhi में स्थित STL को CSTL के रूप में स्वीकार कर लिया गया है।

(STL located at IARI, New Delhi has been accepted as CSTL.)

Ø  कार्य (Functions):-

i. यह सभी राज्य बीज परीक्षण प्रयोगशालाओं के परीक्षणों में समानता रखती है। इसके लिए यह राज्य प्रयोगशालाओं द्वारा परीक्षित नमूनों में से 5% की जाँच करती है।

(It maintain similarity to the tests of all the state seed testing laboratories. For this it examines 5% of the samples tested by the state laboratories.)

ii. बाजारों में बेचे जाने वाले बीजों की गुणवत्ता नियंत्रण के लिए नमूने लेकर उनके परीक्षणों के आंकड़े बीज समिति को उपलब्ध कराती है।

(For quality control of the seeds sold in the market, samples are collected and the data of their tests are made available to the Seed Committee.)

3. State Seed Testing Laboratory (SSTL):- राज्य सरकार के द्वारा 1 या अधिक SSTLs की स्थापना की जाती है अथवा किसी भी STL को SSTL के रूप में घोषित कर दिया जाता है।

(1 or more SSTLs are established by the state government or any STL is declared as SSTL.)

Ø  राजस्थान सरकार ने 4 बीज परीक्षण प्रयोगशालाओं की स्थापना की है

(The Government of Rajasthan has established 4 seed testing laboratories.)

4. Seed Certification Agency (SCA):- इसकी स्थापना या तो राज्य सरकार के द्वारा की जाती है अथवा केन्द्र सरकार के द्वारा राज्य सरकार के सहयोग से की जाती है।

(It is established either by the state government or by the central government with the support of the state government.)

Ø  बीज प्रमाणीकरण संस्था निम्न सिद्धांतों पर स्थापित होनी चाहिए:-

(The seed certification agency should be established on the following principles: -)

i. यह एक स्वायत काय होनी चाहिए।

(It should be an autonomous body.)

ii. यह बीज के उत्पादन  विपणन में शामिल नहीं होनी चाहिए।

(It should not be involved in the production and marketing of seeds.)

iii. इसे  लाभ  हानि के सिद्धान्त पर कार्य करना चाहिए।

(It should work on the principle of neither profit nor loss.)

iv. इसे पूरे देश में लागू प्रमाणीकरण मानकों को मानना चाहिए ताकि एकरूपता को बनाया जा सके।

(It should follow the certification standards applicable throughout the country so that uniformity can be maintained.)

Ø  SCA के कार्य (Functions of SCA):-

i. प्रमाणीकरण से संबन्धित सामग्री की आपूर्ति करना।

(Supply of material related to certification.)

ii. बीज उत्पादक से प्राप्त आवेदन का सत्यापन करना।

(Verification of application received from the seed producer.)

iii. बीज खेत का फसल वृद्धि की विभिन्न अवस्थाओं पर निरीक्षण करना ताकि न्यूनतम प्रमाणीकरण मानकों को बनाकर रखा जा सके।

(Inspection of the seed field at different stages of crop growth so that minimum certification standards can be maintained.)

5. Central Seed Certification Board (CSCB):-

Ø  1972 में बीज अधिनियम में संशोधन किया गया तथा एक नई धारा 8जोड़ी गई। इस धारा के अंतर्गत केंद्र सरकार ने CSCB की स्थापना की।

(In 1972, the Seeds Act was amended and a new section 8A was added. The Central Government established the CSCB under this section.)

Ø  CSCB केन्द्र सरकार  राज्य सरकार को प्रमाणीकरण से संबन्धित मामलों में सलाह देने का कार्य करता है। यह SSCAs के साथ समनव्य में कार्य करने में सहायता करता है।

(CSCB gives advise to the Central Government and State Government in matters related to certification. It helps in working in coordination with SSCAs.)

Ø  सदस्य (Members):-


बीज निरीक्षक (Seed Inspector):-

Ø  Seed Act Enforcement:- बीज की गुणवत्ता के नियंत्रण के लिए बीज नियमों को लागू करना आवश्यक है। बीज से संबन्धित विभिन्न प्रावधानों को लागू करने का उत्तरदायित्व बीज निरीक्षक का होता है।

(It is necessary to implement seed rules for the control of seed quality. It is the responsibility of the seed inspector to implement the various provisions related to seed.)

Ø  इसकी नियुक्ति राज्य सरकार के द्वारा की जाती है।

(It is appointed by the state government.)

Ø  बीज अधिनियम की 4 धाराएँ बीज निरीक्षक से संबन्धित हैं:-

(The 4 sections of the Seed Act are related with the Seed Inspector:-)

1. बीज निरीक्षक की शक्तियाँ (Powers of Seed Inspector):-

Ø  किसी भी बीज विक्रेता से किसी भी किस्म के बीज के नमूने ले सकता है।

(He can take samples of any kind of seed from any seed seller.)

Ø  बीज के नमूने को उस क्षेत्र की SSTL में परीक्षण के लिए भेज सकता है।

(He can send the seed sample to the SSTL of that region for testing.)

2. बीज निरीक्षक के कर्तव्य (Duties of Seed Inspector):-

Ø  निरीक्षण (Inspection):- फसल वृद्धिबीज संसाधन  बीज भंडारण के दौरान उतनी बार निरीक्षण करने जाएगा जितनी बार SCA कहेगी।

(During crop growth, seed processing and seed storage, inspection will be done as many times as SCA says.)

Ø  संतुष्टि (Satisfaction):- अपने आप को संतुष्ट करेगा कि प्रमाण पत्र की शर्तों की अनुपालना की जा रही है।

(He will satisfy himself that the conditions of the certificate are being fulfilled.)

Ø  शिकायत की जांच (Complaint investigation):- 

अधिनियम के नियमों के उल्लंघन के सम्बंध में कोई शिकायत मिलने पर उसकी जांच करता है।

(Investigates any complaint regarding a violation of the rules of the Act.)

Ø  रिपोर्ट भेजना (Send report):- अपने द्वारा किए गए कार्यों की रिपोर्ट बनाकर SCA को भेजता है।

(Creates a report of the work done by him and sends it to SCA.)

Ø  मुकदमा करना (To sue):- अधिनियम के नियमों का उल्लंघन होने पर मुकदमा करता है।

(Sues if there is a violation of the rules of the Act.)

Ø  किसान की शिकायत (Farmer's Complaint):- 

यदि कोई किसान लिखित में यह शिकायत करता है कि उसकी फसल खराब होने का कारण उसे घटिया किस्म के बीज की आपूर्ति है तो बीज निरीक्षक शिकायतकर्ता के द्वारा प्रयुक्त बीज के लेबलथैले  बचे हुए बीज को अपने कब्जे में लेता है ताकि प्रमाण मिल सके कि इन बीजों की आपूर्ति कहाँ से हुई है। बचे हुए बीजों को SSTL में भेजता है। निष्कर्ष की रिपोर्ट यथाशीघ्र सक्षम अधिकारी को प्रस्तुत करेगा। दोषी होने पर बीज कंपनी पर उचित कार्यवाही की जाती है।

(If a farmer complains in writing that the reason for his crop destruction is the supply of inferior seeds to him, then the seed inspector takes possession of the labels, bags and the remaining seeds used by the complainant to get proof that from where these seeds have been supplied. Sends the remaining seeds to SSTL. He will submit the report of the findings to the higher authorities as soon as possible. If guilty, appropriate action is taken against the seed company.)

अपराध  दंड (Offences and Penalties):-

1. अपराध (Offences):-

Ø  बीज अधिनियम के नियमों का उल्लंघन होना।

(Violation of rules of Seed Act.)

Ø  किस्म के बीज का गलत ब्रांड से आयातविक्रयस्टॉकविक्रय के लिए प्रदर्शनअदला – बदली  आपूर्ति करना।

(Importing, selling, stocking, advertising for sale, exchanging and supplying with the wrong brand of seed variety.)

2. दंड (Penalties):-

Ø  दोष सिद्ध होने पर कम से कम 5000 रुका जुर्माना लगाया जा सकता है। जुर्माने को अधिकतम 25000रुतक बढ़ाया जा सकता है।

(If the offence is proved, at least a fine of Rs 5000 can be given. The fine can be extended up to a maximum of Rs. 25000.)


बीज नियंत्रण आदेश1983 (Seed Control Order, 1983):-

·         आवश्यक वस्तु अधिनियम1955 (Essential Commodities Act, 1955):- धारा – 3 के द्वारा प्रदत शक्ति मिली हुई है। केंद्र सरकार ने इस शक्ति का प्रयोग करते हुए 1983 में बीज नियंत्रण आदेश जारी किया।

(The power conferred by Section 3. The Central Government, use this power and issued a seed control order in 1983.)

·         इस आदेश के द्वारा बुवाई अथवा रोपण हेतु प्रयुक्त बीजों को आवश्यक वस्तुओं में सम्मिलित कर लिया गया।

(By this order, the seeds used for sowing or planting were included in the essential commodities.)

i. खाध्य फसलों  फल सब्जियों के बीज

(Seeds of edible crops and fruit vegetables)

ii. चारा फसलों के बीज

(Seeds of fodder crops)

iii. जुट के बीज

(Jute seeds)

·         30 दिसम्बर 1983 को बीज नियंत्रण आदेश सम्पूर्ण भारत में लागू हुआ।

(On 30 December 1983, the seed control order came into force all over India.)

·         नियंत्रक (Controller):- केंद्र सरकार द्वारा नियुक्त व्यक्ति जो बीज नियंत्रक के रूप में कार्य करता है।

(A person appointed by the Central Government who acts as a seed controller.)

·         व्यवहारी (Dealer):- बीजों का विक्रयआयात अथवा निर्यात करने वाला कोई व्यक्ति।

(A person who sells, imports or exports seeds.)

·         अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी (Registration Officer):- इसे धारा – 11 के अंतर्गत नियुक्त किया जाता है। यह डीलरों को लाइसेन्स प्रदान करने का कार्य करता है।

(He is appointed under Section 11. He provides license to dealers.)

·         अनुज्ञप्ति के लिए आवेदन (Application for License):- इसके लिए डीलर को निर्धारित फार्म भरकर उसकी 2 प्रतियाँ अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी को आवेदन करना पड़ता है।

(For this, the dealer has to fill the prescribed form and submit 2 copies to the registration officer.)

·         Grant or Refusal of License:- अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी आवश्यक जांच करता है।

(The registration officer performs the necessary investigation.)

·         अनुज्ञप्ति की वेध्यता अवधि (Validity period of License):- 

जारी होने की तिथि से लेकर 3 वर्ष तक वैध्य होता है।

(It is valid for 3 years from the date of issue.)

·         अनुज्ञप्ति का नवीनीकरण (Renewal of License):- 

लाइसेन्स धारक निर्धारित फार्म भरकर उसकी 2 प्रतियाँ अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी को आवेदन करता है। वैध्यता खत्म होने से पहले 20 रुका शुल्क लगता है। जबकि वैध्यता खत्म होने के 30 दिन के अंदर 25 रुशुल्क देना पड़ता है।

(The license holder filled the prescribed form and submit 2 copies of it to the registration officer. A fee of Rs 20 is charged before the validity is over. However, within 30 days of expiration of validity, a fee of Rs 25 have to be paid.)

·         मूल्य सूची (Rate list):- विभिन्न बीजों की मूल्य सूची बीज विक्रेता को प्रदर्शित करनी पड़ती है। प्रत्येक दिन प्रारम्भिक  अन्तिम स्टॉक प्रदर्शित करना पड़ता है।

(The price list of different seeds has to be displayed by the seed seller. Initial and final stocks have to be displayed every day.)

·         रसीद (Memorandum):- प्रत्येक डीलर बीज खरीदने वाले व्यक्ति को रसीद देता है।

(Each dealer gives a cash receipt to the person who purchased the seed.)

·         वितरण आदेश (Distribution Order):- 

लोकहित में आवश्यक होने पर बीज नियंत्रक बीज वितरण का लिखित आदेश बीज उत्पादक या डीलर को दे सकता है।

(If necessary in the public interest, the seed controller can give a written order of seed distribution to the seed producer or dealer.)

·         निरीक्षक (Inspector):- राज्य सरकार द्वारा नियुक्त व्यक्ति जो बीज नियंत्रण आदेश का पालन करने के लिए डीलरों की जांच करता है। बीज के नमूने लेकर STL को भेजता है। STL 60 दिन के भीतर विश्लेषण की रिपोर्ट निरीक्षक को बेजता है।

(A person appointed by the state government who examines the dealers to follow the seed control order. He take samples of seeds and send to STL. The STL send the analysis report to the inspector within 60 days.)

·         अनुज्ञप्ति का निलंबन (Cancellation of License):- अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी लाइसेन्स को रद्द कर देता है यदि –

(The registration officer cancels the license if -)

i. लाइसेन्स गलत सूचना देकर प्राप्त किया गया है।

(The license is obtained by giving wrong information.)

ii. लाइसेन्स की किसी शर्त का उल्लंघन किया जा रहा है।

(Any license terms are being violated.)

·         अपील (Appeal):- कोई व्यक्ति 60 दिन के भीतर उच्च अधिकारी को अपील कर सकता है यदि अनुज्ञापन अधिकारी –

(A person can appeal to a higher authority within 60 days if the registration officer -)

i. लाइसेन्स प्रदान करने से इन्कार करता है।

(Refuses to grant license.)

ii. लाइसेन्स में संशोधन करने से इन्कार करता है।

(Refuses to amend the license.)