Lecture-13 Seed Certification, Phases of Certification, Procedure for Seed Certification, Field Inspection

बीज प्रमाणीकरण (Seed Certification):-

1. परिचय (Introduction):-

·         परिभाषा (Definition):- यह एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जो बीज प्रमाणीकरण के दौरान बीज गुणवत्ता का अपक्षय करने वाले सभी कारकों को प्रभावी रूप से नियंत्रित करती है।

(It is a process that effectively controls all the factors that deteriorate seed quality during seed production.)

·         उद्देश्य (Objective):- बीज प्रमाणीकरण का मुख्य उद्देश्य किसानों को उच्च गुणवत्ता सम्पन्न बीज उपलब्ध कराना है ताकि किसान अधिक आर्थिक लाभ प्राप्त कर सकें।

(The main objective of seed certification is to provide high quality seeds to the farmers so that farmers can get more economic benefits.)

2. भारत में बीज प्रमाणीकरण का विकास (Progress of seed certification in India):-

·         भारत में बीज प्रमाणीकरण की शुरुआत 1963 में National Seed Corporation की स्थापना के साथ हुई।

(Seed certification in India began in 1963 with the establishment of National Seed Corporation.)

·         1966 में Seed Act पास हुआ।

(The Seed Act passed in 1966.)

·         1971 में बीज मानक बनाए गए और बीज प्रमाणीकरण के लिए विभिन्न राज्यों में State Seed Certification Agencies की स्थापना की गई।

(Seed standards were made in 1971 and State Seed Certification Agencies were established in various states for seed certification.)

3. बीज प्रमाणीकरण की विधि (Procedure of Seed Certification):- इसके 4 मुख्य चरण होते हैं-

(It has 4 main steps -)

a. आवेदन (Application):- कोई भी व्यक्ति या संस्था जो प्रमाणीकृत बीज उत्पादन करना चाहते हैं उन्हें राज्य से संबन्धित SSCA में आवेदन करना होता है। यह प्रत्येक राज्य के लिए विशिष्ट होती है। आवेदन के साथ निर्धारित आवेदन शुल्क जमा कराना पड़ता है।

(Any person or organization who wants to produce certified seed has to apply to the state-related SSCA. It is specific to each state. The application has to be submitted along with the prescribed application fee.)

b. सत्यापन (Verification):-

·         आवेदन प्राप्त होने पर SSCA यह सत्यापन करती है कि - बीज किस्म notify है, बीज स्त्रोत मान्य है और आवेदन फीस भरी है। तीनों आवश्यकतायें पूर्ण होने पर आवेदन को स्वीकार कर लिया जाता है। यदि उपरोक्त तीनों में से कोई एक आवश्यकता भी पूर्ण नहीं हो रही हो तो आवेदन को निरस्त किया जा सकता है।

(On receipt of the application, the SSCA verifies that the seed variety is notified, the seed source is valid and the application fee is paid. The application is accepted after all three requirements are met. If any one of the above three requirements is not being fulfilled, the application can be rejected.)

c. निरीक्षण (Inspection):- इसे आगे 2 प्रकारों में विभाजित किया जाता है –

(It is further divided into 2 types -)

i. खेत निरीक्षण (Field Inspection):- 

·   SSCA एक बीज निरीक्षक को नियुक्त करती है जो फसल वृद्धि की उपयुक्त अवस्थाओं पर खेत का निरीक्षण करता है। खेत निरीक्षण के दौरान बीज उत्पादक व बीज निरीक्षक दोनों का खेत में उपस्थित होना अनिवार्य है। 

(The SSCA appoints a seed inspector who inspects the field at appropriate stages of crop growth. During the field inspection, it is mandatory for both the seed producer and the seed inspector to be present in the field.)

·   सामान्यतया खेत निरीक्षण निम्न 5 फसल वृद्धि अवस्थाओं पर किया जाता है -

(Generally, field inspection is done at the following 5 crop growth stages -)

Ø  बुवाई के समय 

(At the time of sowing)

Ø  पुष्पन से पूर्व

(Before flowering)

Ø  पुष्पन के दौरान

(During flowering)

Ø  फसल परिपक्वता पर

(At crop maturity)

Ø  फसल कटाई पर

(At crop harvesting)

ii. बीज निरीक्षण (Seed Inspection):- बीज निरीक्षक बीज ढेर में से बीज के नमूने लेकर संबन्धित SSTL को भेजता है। SSTL में बीज की गुणवत्ता से संबन्धित परीक्षण किए जाते हैं। SSTL रिपोर्ट बनाकर बीज निरीक्षक को भेजती है। यदि बीज ढेर न्यूनतम बीज मानकों के अनुरूप होता है तो इसे प्रमाणीकरण के लिए स्वीकार कर लिया जाता है। यदि कोई कमी हो तो इसे निरस्त कर दिया जाता है।

(The seed inspector takes samples of the seed from the seed lot and sends it to the concerned SSTL. SSTL carries out tests related to seed quality. The SSTL creates the report and sends it to the seed inspector. If the seed lot conforms to the minimum seed standards then it is accepted for certification. If it does met minimum standards, it is rejected.)

d. टैगिंग व सीलिंग (Tagging and Sealing):-

·      यदि SSTL की रिपोर्ट सकारात्मक आती है तो बीज ढेर को प्रमाणीकरण टैग व लेबल जारी कर दिये जाते हैं। बीज को थैलों में भरकर उन्हें सील कर दिया जाता है।

(If the SSTL report is positive, certification tags and labels are issued to the seed lot. The seeds are filled in bags and sealed.)

·      बीज प्रमाणीकरण 8 महीने के लिए वैध्य होता है। इस वैध्यता अवधि को 4 महीने और बढ़ाया जा सकता है।

(Seed certification is valid for 8 months. This validity period can be extended by 4 months.)