Sugarcane Crop Improvement

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OUTLINE NOTES
गन्ना फसल उन्नयन (Sugarcane Crop Improvement):-
1. परिचय (Introduction):-
·         सामान्य नाम:- गन्ना
(Common Name:- Sugarcane)
·         वानस्पतिक नाम:- Saccharum officinarum
(Botanical Name:- Saccharum officinarum)
·         कुल:- पोएसी या ग्रेमिनी
(Family:- Poaceae or Graminae)
2. जातियाँ व गुणसूत्र संख्या (Species and Chromosome Numbers):-

3. उत्पत्ति केन्द्र (Center of Origin):-
5. पुष्पीय बायोलॉजी (Floral Biology):-
·         गन्ने का पुष्पक्रम एक खुला पैनिकल होता है जिसे 'ऐरो' या 'टैसल' कहते हैं। प्रत्येक स्पाइकिका के नीचे लम्बे रोमों का वलय होने के कारण यह रेशमी दिखावट देता है।
(The sugarcane inflorescence is an open panicle called as 'arrow' or 'tassel'. It gives a silky appearance due to the presence of ring of long hairs at the bottom of each splikelet.)
·         प्रत्येक स्पाइकिका के आधार पर रेशमी रोमों का एक वलय पाया जाता है। ये रेशमी रोम स्पाइकिका से लम्बे होते हैं।
(A ring of silky hairs is found at the base of each spikelet. These silky hairs are longer than the spikelet.)
·     पुष्पचित्र (Floral Diagram):- 
6. प्रजनन उद्देश्य (Breeding Objective):-
i. अधिक गन्ना उपज (High Cane Yield)
ii. मध्यम से उच्च सुक्रोज मात्रा (Moderate to high sucrose content)
iii. शीघ्र से पूर्ण ऋतु परिपक्वता (Early to full season maturity)
iv. उच्च रतूनिंग क्षमता (High ratooning ability)
v. पतन रोधिता (Lodging Resistance)
vi. पिराई गुणवत्ता (Milling Quality)
vii. रोग रोधिता (Disease Resistance)
viii. कीट रोधिता (Insect Resistance)
ix. अजैविक प्रतिबल सहिष्णुता (Abiotic stress Tolerance)

7. प्रजनन विधियाँ (Breeding methods):-
i. पुर:स्थापन (Introduction)
ii. संकरण (Hybridization)
iii. दूरस्थ संकरण (Distant Hybridization)
iv.उत्परिवर्तन प्रजनन (Mutation Breeding)

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