Types of seeds

UPDATED ON:- 01-01-2024

बीज के विभिन्न प्रकार (Different types of seed):- ICIA (International Crop Improvement Associationके अनुसार शुद्ध बीज 4 प्रकार के होते हैं –

[According to ICIA (International Crop Improvement Association) there are 4 types of pure seeds -]

1. प्रजनक बीज (Breeder seed)

2. आधार बीज (Foundation seed)

3. पंजीकृत बीज (Registered seed)

4. प्रमाणीकृत बीज (Certified seed)

1. प्रजनक बीज (Breeder seed):-

Ø  ऐसे शुद्ध बीज जिन्हें प्रत्यक्ष रूप से पादप प्रजनक की देखरेख में उत्पादित किया जाता है, प्रजनक बीज कहलाते हैं।

(Pure seeds that are produced directly under the supervision of plant breeders are called breeder seeds.)

Ø  ये बीज सभी आनुवंशिक आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करते हैं।

(These seeds fulfill all genetic requirements.)

Ø  ये बहुत अधिक शुद्ध  महंगे होते हैं, इसलिए बहुत कम मात्रा में उत्पादित होते हैं।

(They are very pure and expensive, so are produced in very small quantity.)

Ø  इनकी आनुवंशिक शुद्धता 99.9% होती है।

(They have 99.9% of genetic purity.)

Ø  इसके पैकेट पर Golden tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(The Golden tag is used on its packet.)

Ø  कई बार प्रजनक बीज बहुत ही अल्प मात्रा में प्राप्त होता है जिसे नाभिक बीज (Nucleus seedकहते हैं। इसके गुणन द्वारा फिर प्रजनक बीज तैयार किया जाता है।

(Many times breeder seed is obtained in a very small quantity which is called Nucleus seed. The breeder seed is then produced by its multiplication.)

2. आधार बीज (Foundation seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन प्रजनक बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by the propagation of breeder seed.)

Ø  इन्हें मातृक बीज (Mother seedभी कहते हैं। क्योंकि भारत में आधार बीज से ही प्रमाणीकृत बीज का उत्पादन किया जाता है।

(They are also called mother seeds. Because certified seed is produced from foundation seed in India.)

Ø  आधार बीज के उत्पादन का कार्य NSC (National Seed Corporation) के द्वारा किया जाता है।

[Production of foundation seed is done by NSC (National Seed Corporation).]

Ø  इनकी आनुवंशिक शुद्धता 99.5% - 99.9% होती है।

(Its genetic purity is 99.5% - 99.9%.)

Ø  इनकी भौतिक शुद्धता 98% होती है।

(Its physical purity is 98%.)

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर White tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(White tag is used on its packets.)

3. पंजीकृत बीज (Registered seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन आधार बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by the propagation of foundation seed.)

Ø  पंजीकृत बीज के उत्पादन का कार्य SSC (State Seed Corporationके द्वारा किया जाता है।

[The production of registered seed is done by the State Seed Corporation.]

Ø  वास्तव में पंजीकृत बीज का उत्पादन किसान करते हैं परन्तु SSC के वैज्ञानिक किसानों का तकनीकी मार्गदर्शन  देखरेख करते हैं।

(In fact, the registered seeds are produced by the farmers, but SSC scientists provide technical guidance and care to the farmers.)

Ø  पंजीकृत बीज में संतोषजनक आनुवंशिक शुद्धता होती है।

(Registered seeds have satisfactory genetic purity.)

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर Purple tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(Purple tag is used on its packets.)

Ø  भारत में बीज का यह वर्ग प्रचलन में नहीं है।

(This class of seed is not in use in India.)

4. प्रमाणीकृत बीज (Certified seed):-

Ø  इसका उत्पादन आधार बीज या पंजीकृत बीज के प्रवर्धन से होता है।

(It is produced by propagation of foundation or registered seed.)

Ø  भारत में इसका उत्पादन आधार बीज के प्रवर्धन से किया जाता है।

(In India, it is produced by the propagation of foundation seed.)

Ø  यह सामान्य रूप से बाजार में किसानों के लिए उपलब्ध होता है।

(It is normally available to farmers in the market.)

Ø  यह सबसे सस्ता होता है क्योंकि इसकी आनुवंशिक शुद्धता सबसे कम होती है। परन्तु फिर भी यह संतोषजनक स्तर की होती है।

(It is the cheapest because it has the lowest genetic purity. But still it is of satisfactory level.)

Ø  इसका प्रमाणीकरण SSCA (State Seed Certification Agencyके द्वारा किया जाता है। SSCA की देखरेख में इनका उत्पादन किया जाता है।

[It is certified by the SSCA (State Seed Certification Agency). These are produced under the supervision of SSCA.]

Ø  इनके पैकेट पर Blue tag का उपयोग किया जाता है।

(Blue tags are used on its packets.)

नोट (Note):- आनुवंशिक शुद्धता का क्रम (Order of Genetic Purity) –

सत्य अंकित बीज (Truthfully Labeled Seeds Or TFL seeds):- कभी – कभी बीज का उत्पादन स्वंय किसानों के द्वारा निश्चित मापदण्डों को अपनाते हुए किया जाता है। परन्तु किसी प्रमाणीकरण संस्था की देखरेख के बिना होने के करण इस बीज को प्रमाणीकरण संस्था का प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त नहीं हो पाता है। इन्हें TFL seeds कहते हैं।

(Sometimes the seeds are produced by the farmers themselves, following certain criteria. But due to being without the supervision of any certification agency, this seed does not get the certificate of the certification agency. These are called TFL seeds.)