IPR issues in commercial plant breeding

UPDATED ON:- 01-01-2024

वाणिज्यिक संकर बीज उत्पादन में IPR मुद्दे (IPR issues in commercial plant breeding):-

बौद्धिक सम्पदा अधिकार (Intellectual Property Rights):- किसी आविष्कारक का अपने आविष्कार (बौद्धिक सम्पदा) से आर्थिक लाभ प्राप्त करने का अधिकार, IPR कहलाता है। कोई अन्य व्यक्ति इस आविष्कार से लाभ नहीं उठा सकता।

[The right of an inventor to get economic benefits from his invention (intellectual property) is called IPR. No other person can get benefit from this invention.]

Ø  फसलों की उन्नत किस्मों का विकास पादप प्रजनकों के कई वर्षों के परिश्रम का परिणाम होता है। अत: इन किस्मों को इन्हें विकसित करने वाले पादप प्रजनकों की बौद्धिक सम्पदा माना जाना चाहिए।

(The development of improved varieties of crops is the result of many years of hard work of plant breeders. Therefore, these varieties should be considered as the intellectual property of the plant breeders who develop them.)

पादप प्रजनक अधिकार (Plant Breeder’s Rights):- सरकार द्वारा किसी किस्म का विकास करने वाले पादप प्रजनक को यह अधिकार दिया जाता है कि एक निश्चित समय (15 – 20 वर्ष) के लिए वह उस किस्म से लाभ प्राप्त कर सकता है। कोई अन्य व्यक्ति इस अधिकार का उपयोग नहीं कर सकता।

(The government gives the right to plant breeder, who develop any type of variety, that for a certain period of time (15 - 20 years) he can get benefit from that variety. No other person can use this right.)

Ø  PBR प्राप्त करने के लिए किस्म में निम्न गुणों का होना आवश्यक है (The variety must possess the following properties to obtain PBR):-

i. किस्म में नवीनता

(Novelty in the variety)

ii. विध्यमान किस्मों से भिन्नता

(Distinctness from existing varieties)

iii. लक्षणों में एकरूपता

(Uniformity in characters)

iv. स्थायित्व (Stability)

Ø  PBR के लाभ (Advantages of PBR):-

i. प्रजनकों को प्रोत्साहन

(Encourages the Breeders)

ii. निजी कंपनियों द्वारा निवेश को बढ़ावा

(Encourage the investment by private companies)

iii. स्पर्धा (Competition):- समाज व राष्ट्र को लाभ 

(Benefit to society and nation)

Ø  PBR से हानियाँ (Disadvantages of PBR):-

i. एकाधिकार (Monopoly):- बीज कंपनियों का एकाधिकार हो जाता है। इससे बीज महंगे हो जाते हैं।

(The seed companies are monopolized. This makes the seeds expensive.)

ii. कृषि उत्पादन में कमी (Decrease in agricultural production):- बीज अधिक महंगे होने से बुवाई कम होती हैं। इससे उत्पादन कम हो जाता है।

(More expensive seeds leads to low sowing. This reduces production.)