Lecture- 16 Structural Changes in Chromosomes

OUTLINE NOTES

गुणसूत्रों में संरचनात्मक परिवर्तन (Structural Changes in Chromosomes):-

परिचय (Introduction):-

·         कायिक कोशिकाओं में प्रत्येक गुणसूत्र की 2 प्रतियाँ पायी जाती हैं। दोनों को आपस में समजात गुणसूत्र कहते हैं। अर्थात जीनोम की 2 प्रतियाँ प्रत्येक कायिक कोशिका में होती हैं।

(Somatic cells have 2 copies of each chromosome. Both are called homologous chromosomes. That is, 2 copies of the genome are present in each somatic cell.)

·         युग्मकों में प्रत्येक गुणसूत्र की 1 प्रति पायी जाती है। अर्थात जीनोम की 1 प्रति प्रत्येक युग्मक में होती हैं।

(Gametes have 1 copy of each chromosome. That is, 1 copy of the genome is present in each gamete.)

·         जीनोम के प्रत्येक गुणसूत्र में जीनों की एक निश्चित एक निश्चित संख्या  प्रकार पाये जाते हैं। ये जीन गुणसूत्र पर निश्चित क्रम में व्यवस्थित होते हैं।

(A fixed number and type of genes are found on each chromosome of the genome. These genes are arranged in a definite order on the chromosome.)

·         गुणसूत्रीय असामान्यताएं (Chromosomal Aberrations):- कभी – कभी किसी कारणवश गुणसूत्रों की संख्या या संरचना में परिवर्तन  जाता हैइन्हें गुणसूत्रीय असामान्यताएं कहते हैं। ये असामान्यताएं 2 प्रकार की होती हैं:-

(Sometimes there is a change in the number or structure of chromosomes due to some reason, these are called chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations are of two types:-)


PURCHASE FULL NOTES
Install Android App
ScieAgro
(SCIENCE AND AGRO STUDIES)