Papaya: Foot rot, Leaf curl, Ring spot and Root knot

Papaya (पपीता): Foot rot, Leaf curl, Ring spot and Root knot:-

1. Foot rot / stem rot (फुट रॉट / स्टेम रॉट):- Pythium aphanidermatum

Symptoms (लक्षण):-

- Water soaked patches develop on the stem at the ground level.

(तने पर जमीन के स्तर पर पानी से भीगे हुए धब्बे विकसित हो जाते हैं।)

- Patches enlarge and diseased tissues turn brown and rot.

(धब्बे बड़े हो जाते हैं और संक्रमित ऊतक भूरे होकर सड़ जाते हैं।)

- Because of rotting the basal portion of stem is girdled affecting the upward flow of water and nutrients and weakening the plant.

(सड़न के कारण तने का निचला हिस्सा सड़ जाता है, जिससे पानी और पोषक तत्वों का प्रवाह प्रभावित होता है और पौधा कमजोर हो जाता है।)

- Internal tissues of bark appear dry and give honey comb appearance.

(छाल के आंतरिक ऊतक सूखे दिखाई देते हैं और छत्ते की तरह दिखाई देते हैं।)

- Infection spreads to roots and causes decay.

(संक्रमण जड़ों तक फैल जाता है और सड़न का कारण बनता है।)

- Terminal leaves turn yellow, wither and droop.

(ऊपरी पत्तियाँ पीली हो जाती हैं, मुरझा जाती हैं और झुक जाती हैं।)

- Fruits shrivel and drop off.

(फल सूखकर गिर जाते हैं।)

- Entire plant topples over and dies.

(पूरा पौधा गिरकर मर जाता है।)

Survival and spread (जीवितता और फैलाव):-

Primary (प्राथमिक):-

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