Cotton-Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield

Cotton-Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield (कपास-उत्पत्ति, भौगोलिक वितरण, आर्थिक महत्व, मिट्टी और जलवायु आवश्यकताएँ, किस्में, कृषि पद्धतियाँ और उपज):-

1. Origin of Cotton (कपास की उत्पत्ति):- Cotton is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with its origins tracing back thousands of years. The four main species of cotton cultivated globally are:

(कपास एक बहुत पुरानी फसल है, जिसकी खेती हजारों सालों से की जा रही है। कपास की मुख्य रूप से चार प्रजातियाँ हैं:)

i. Gossypium hirsutum:- Originated in Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. This species accounts for about 90% of the world's cotton production.

(यह प्रजाति मध्य अमेरिका, मेक्सिको और कैरेबियन द्वीपों से उत्पन्न हुई है। यह दुनिया के कुल कपास उत्पादन का लगभग 90% प्रदान करती है।)

ii. Gossypium barbadense:- Originated in South America, particularly in the Andes. Known for its long fibers, it produces high-quality cotton like Egyptian and Pima cotton.

(यह दक्षिण अमेरिका, विशेषकर एंडीज़ में उत्पन्न हुई है। इसकी लंबी रेशों के लिए यह उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली कपास जैसे मिस्र और पीमा कपास के लिए जानी जाती है।)

iii. Gossypium arboreum:- Originated in the Indian subcontinent. It is known as "tree cotton" and is primarily grown in India and Pakistan.

(यह भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में उत्पन्न हुई है। इसे "ट्री कॉटन" के रूप में जाना जाता है और यह मुख्य रूप से भारत और पाकिस्तान में उगाई जाती है।)

iv. Gossypium herbaceum:- Originated in Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is known as "Levant cotton" and has less commercial significance.

(यह दक्षिणी अफ्रीका और अरब प्रायद्वीप में उत्पन्न हुई है। इसे "लेवेंट कपास" के नाम से जाना जाता है और इसका वाणिज्यिक महत्व कम है।)

2. Geographical Distribution (भौगोलिक वितरण):- Cotton is grown in more than 80 countries worldwide. The largest producers are:

(कपास की खेती 80 से अधिक देशों में की जाती है। सबसे बड़े उत्पादक देश हैं:)

i. India (भारत):-

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