Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of Soil pollution
Soil pollution (मृदा प्रदूषण):- It refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous concentrations of toxic substances.
(यह मिट्टी में विषाक्त पदार्थों की असामान्य सांद्रता के कारण होने वाले संदूषण को संदर्भित करता है।)
Sources of soil pollution (मृदा प्रदूषण के स्रोत):-
1. Agricultural sources (कृषि स्रोत):- Agricultural practices such as the use of non-organic products in crop and livestock production lead to soil pollution. These substances include artificial chemical pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers, as discussed below:
(कृषि गतिविधियों जैसे फसलों और पशुपालन में गैर-कार्बनिक उत्पादों के उपयोग से मृदा प्रदूषण होता है। इनमें कृत्रिम रासायनिक कीटनाशक, शाकनाशी, कवकनाशी और उर्वरक शामिल हैं, जिन्हें नीचे चर्चा की गई है:)
a. Pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides (कीटनाशक, शाकनाशी और कीटाणुनाशक):-
> The introduction of modern pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides has resulted in an increase in the use of agricultural chemicals. These chemicals are used to control the pests, insects, weeds, fungi, and diseases that attack crops.
(आधुनिक कीटनाशक, शाकनाशी और कीटाणुनाशकों के आगमन ने कृषि रसायनों के उपयोग में वृद्धि की है। ये रसायन फसलों पर हमला करने वाले कीटों, कीड़ों, खरपतवार, कवक और रोगों को नियंत्रित करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं।)
> Most of these chemicals are non-biodegradable, while others decompose to products that are toxic to soil. These products seep into the ground and act on the soil, thereby changing its structure, composition, and pH.
(इनमें से अधिकांश रसायन गैर-अपघटनीय होते हैं, जबकि अन्य अपघटन के बाद मिट्टी के लिए विषाक्त उत्पाद बन जाते हैं। ये उत्पाद जमीन में रिसते हैं और मिट्टी पर कार्य करते हैं, जिससे उसकी संरचना, संघटन और पीएच बदल जाता है।)
b. Improper use of fertilizer (उर्वरक का अनुचित उपयोग):-
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