Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of Marine pollution

Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of Marine pollution (पर्यावरण प्रदूषण: समुद्री प्रदूषण की परिभाषा, कारण, प्रभाव और नियंत्रण उपाय):-

Marine pollution (समुद्री प्रदूषण):- Marine pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or energy into the marine environment, leading to adverse effects on marine life, ecosystems, and human health. It occurs when pollutants, such as chemicals, plastics, and other waste, enter the ocean.

(समुद्री प्रदूषण उन हानिकारक पदार्थों या ऊर्जा का समुद्री पर्यावरण में प्रवेश होता है, जो समुद्री जीवन, पारिस्थितिक तंत्र और मानव स्वास्थ्य पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालता है। यह तब होता है जब प्रदूषक जैसे रसायन, प्लास्टिक, और अन्य अपशिष्ट समुद्र में प्रवेश करते हैं।)

Causes of Marine pollution (समुद्री प्रदूषण के कारण):-

i. Industrial Discharges (औद्योगिक उत्सर्जन):- Factories and industries often discharge waste, including toxic chemicals and heavy metals, directly into rivers and seas, which eventually reach the marine environment.

(कारखाने और उद्योग अक्सर अपशिष्ट, जिसमें विषाक्त रसायन और भारी धातुएं शामिल होती हैं, सीधे नदियों और समुद्रों में छोड़ते हैं, जो अंततः समुद्री पर्यावरण तक पहुँचते हैं।)

ii. Agricultural Runoff (कृषि बहाव):- The use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture leads to runoff that carries these chemicals into waterways and eventually the ocean, causing nutrient pollution.

(कृषि में उपयोग किए गए उर्वरक और कीटनाशक बहाव के माध्यम से जलमार्गों और अंततः समुद्र में पहुंच जाते हैं, जिससे पोषक तत्वों का प्रदूषण होता है।)

iii. Plastic Pollution (प्लास्टिक प्रदूषण):-

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