Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves

Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves (प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ- प्राकृतिक आपदाओं का अर्थ एवं प्रकृति, उनके प्रकार एवं प्रभाव। बाढ़, सूखा, चक्रवात, भूकंप, भूस्खलन, हिमस्खलन, ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट, गर्म और ठंडी लहरें):-

Natural Disasters: Meaning and Nature (प्राकृतिक आपदाएं: अर्थ और प्रकृति):- Natural Disasters are catastrophic events caused by natural processes of the Earth. These events result in significant damage to life, property, and the environment. They occur due to various geological, meteorological, and environmental factors. Natural disasters can be sudden, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, or they can develop over time, like droughts and floods.

(प्राकृतिक आपदाएं पृथ्वी की प्राकृतिक प्रक्रियाओं से उत्पन्न होने वाली विनाशकारी घटनाएं हैं। ये घटनाएं जीवन, संपत्ति, और पर्यावरण को गंभीर नुकसान पहुंचाती हैं। ये विभिन्न भूवैज्ञानिक, मौसम संबंधी, और पर्यावरणीय कारणों से होती हैं। प्राकृतिक आपदाएं अचानक हो सकती हैं, जैसे कि भूकंप और ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट, या समय के साथ विकसित हो सकती हैं, जैसे कि सूखा और बाढ़।)

Types of Natural Disasters and Their Effects (प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के प्रकार और उनके प्रभाव):-

i. Floods (बाढ़):-

Meaning and Nature (अर्थ और प्रकृति):- Floods occur when water overflows onto land that is normally dry. This can be due to heavy rainfall, melting snow, or dam failure.

(बाढ़ तब होती है जब पानी उस भूमि पर फैल जाता है जो सामान्यतः सूखी होती है। यह भारी वर्षा, पिघलती बर्फ, या बांध टूटने के कारण हो सकता है।)

Effects (प्रभाव):- Floods can cause widespread destruction, including loss of life, damage to property, contamination of water supplies, and disruption of services. They also result in long-term economic impacts and can lead to waterborne diseases.

(बाढ़ व्यापक विनाश का कारण बन सकती है, जिसमें जीवन की हानि, संपत्ति का नुकसान, जल आपूर्ति का दूषित होना, और सेवाओं का बाधित होना शामिल है। इसके अलावा, यह दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक प्रभाव डालती है और जलजनित बीमारियों का कारण बन सकती है।)

In India (भारत में):- 

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