Wasteland reclamation

Wasteland reclamation:- Wasteland reclamation in India is a critical environmental and agricultural activity, aiming to convert degraded and unproductive land into usable and fertile land. Wasteland typically includes areas that have been degraded due to deforestation, mining, industrial activities, overgrazing, or poor agricultural practices. Reclaiming these lands is vital for improving agricultural productivity, enhancing biodiversity, and addressing socio-economic challenges in rural areas.

(भारत में बंजर भूमि सुधार एक महत्वपूर्ण पर्यावरणीय और कृषि गतिविधि है, जिसका उद्देश्य निम्नीकृत और अनुपजाऊ भूमि को उपयोगी और उपजाऊ भूमि में परिवर्तित करना है। बंजर भूमि आमतौर पर उन क्षेत्रों को संदर्भित करती है जो वनों की कटाई, खनन, औद्योगिक गतिविधियों, अति चराई, या खराब कृषि प्रथाओं के कारण खराब हो गए हैं। इन भूमियों को सुधारने से कृषि उत्पादकता में सुधार, जैव विविधता बढ़ाने, और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में सामाजिक-आर्थिक चुनौतियों को हल करने में मदद मिलती है।)

i. Afforestation and Reforestation (वनीकरण और पुनःवनीकरण):-

Afforestation (वनीकरण):- Planting trees on barren and unproductive lands to restore the vegetation cover. This helps in reducing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and enhancing the microclimate of the region.

(बंजर और अनुपजाऊ भूमि पर पेड़ लगाकर वनस्पति कवर को बहाल करना। इससे मृदा अपरदन को कम करने, मृदा उर्वरता में सुधार करने, और क्षेत्र के सूक्ष्म जलवायु को सुधारने में मदद मिलती है।)

Reforestation (पुनःवनीकरण):- Planting trees in areas where forests have been cleared. This method is particularly important in regions where deforestation has led to land degradation.

(उन क्षेत्रों में पेड़ लगाना जहाँ वन कटाई हुई है। यह विधि विशेष रूप से उन क्षेत्रों में महत्वपूर्ण है जहाँ वनों की कटाई से भूमि क्षरण हुआ है।)

ii. Agroforestry (कृषि वानिकी):- 

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