Chemical control: Classification, toxicity and formulations of insecticides

Chemical control: Classification, toxicity and formulations of insecticides (रासायनिक नियंत्रण: कीटनाशकों का वर्गीकरण, विषाक्तता और फॉर्मुलेशन):- Chemical Control in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) involves using chemical pesticides as one of the tools for managing pests. In IPM, chemical control is employed as a last resort, with a focus on minimizing the harmful impact on the environment, non-target organisms, and human health. 

[समन्वित कीट प्रबंधन (IPM) में रासायनिक नियंत्रण कीटों को प्रबंधित करने के लिए रासायनिक कीटनाशकों के उपयोग का एक उपकरण है। आईपीएम में, रासायनिक नियंत्रण को अंतिम उपाय के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है, जिसमें पर्यावरण, गैर-लक्षित जीवों और मानव स्वास्थ्य पर हानिकारक प्रभाव को कम करने पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया जाता है। ]

Classification of Insecticides (कीटनाशकों का वर्गीकरण):- Insecticides are classified based on several factors, including their chemical nature, mode of action, and toxicity levels.

(कीटनाशकों को कई कारकों के आधार पर वर्गीकृत किया जाता है, जिसमें उनकी रासायनिक प्रकृति, कार्य करने का तरीका और विषाक्तता के स्तर शामिल हैं।)

a. Classification based upon chemical nature (रासायनिक प्रकृति के आधार पर वर्गीकरण):-

i. Organophosphates (ऑर्गनोफॉस्फेट्स):-

> Derived from phosphoric acid.

(फॉस्फोरिक एसिड से व्युत्पन्न।)

> Inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causing nervous system failure in insects.

(एंजाइम एसिटाइलकोलीनएस्टरेज़ को रोकते हैं, जिससे कीटों में तंत्रिका तंत्र की विफलता होती है।)

> Examples (उदाहरण):- Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, Dimethoate.

(मैलाथिओन, क्लोरोपाइरिफॉस, डाइमेथोएट।)

ii. Carbamates (कार्बामेट्स):-

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