Diagnosis of plant diseases

Diagnosis of plant diseases (पादप रोगों का निदान):- Plant diseases are a significant concern in India, impacting agricultural productivity and food security. The diagnosis of plant diseases in India involves various traditional and modern techniques aimed at identifying pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes that affect crops.

(भारत में पादप रोग कृषि उत्पादकता और खाद्य सुरक्षा के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण चिंता का विषय हैं। पादप रोगों का निदान पारंपरिक और आधुनिक तकनीकों का उपयोग करके किया जाता है, जिनका उद्देश्य कवक, जीवाणु, वायरस, और सूत्रकृमि जैसे रोगजनकों की पहचान करना है, जो फसलों को प्रभावित करते हैं।)

Traditional Methods (पारंपरिक विधियाँ):-

i. Visual Inspection (दृश्य निरीक्षण):-

- This is the most common and initial step in diagnosing plant diseases. Trained agricultural scientists or farmers observe symptoms such as wilting, chlorosis (yellowing), necrosis (tissue death), and abnormal growth patterns.

[यह पादप रोगों का निदान करने का सबसे आम और प्रारंभिक कदम है। प्रशिक्षित कृषि वैज्ञानिक या किसान लक्षणों का अवलोकन करते हैं जैसे मुरझाना, हरिमहीनता (पत्तियों का पीला होना), नेक्रोसिस (ऊतक का मरना), और असामान्य वृद्धि।]

- Symptoms often vary depending on the type of pathogen:

(रोगजनक के प्रकार के अनुसार लक्षण भिन्न हो सकते हैं:)

Fungi (कवक):- Leaf spots, mildew, rust, wilts.

(पत्तियों पर धब्बे, मिलड्यू, रस्ट, मुरझाना।)

Bacteria (जीवाणु):- Soft rots, cankers, wilting.

(कोमल सड़न, कैंकर, मुरझाना।)

Viruses (वाइरस):- Mosaic patterns, stunting, and color break in flowers.

(मोज़ेक पैटर्न, बौनापन, और पुष्पों में रंग का टूटना।)

ii. Microscopy (सूक्ष्मदर्शी परीक्षण):-

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