Harmful and beneficial effects of weeds on ecosystem

Harmful and beneficial effects of weeds on ecosystem (पारिस्थितिक तंत्र पर खरपतवारों के हानिकारक और लाभकारी प्रभाव):- Weeds, which are often considered undesirable plants, can have both harmful and beneficial effects on ecosystems. Their impact varies depending on their species, density, and the context of the environment they grow in. 

(खरपतवार, जिन्हें अक्सर अवांछनीय पौधे माना जाता है, पारिस्थितिक तंत्र पर हानिकारक और लाभकारी दोनों प्रभाव डाल सकते हैं। उनका प्रभाव उनकी प्रजाति, घनत्व और उस वातावरण के संदर्भ पर निर्भर करता है जिसमें वे बढ़ते हैं।)

Harmful Effects of Weeds on Ecosystems (पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र पर खरपतवारों के हानिकारक प्रभाव):-

i. Competition with Native Plants (स्थानीय पौधों के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा):-

> Weeds often grow quickly and can outcompete native plant species for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients. This competition can lead to a reduction in the diversity of native plants, affecting the overall plant community structure.

(खरपतवार अक्सर तेजी से बढ़ते हैं और सूरज की रोशनी, पानी और पोषक तत्वों जैसी संसाधनों के लिए स्थानीय पौधों से प्रतिस्पर्धा कर सकते हैं। इस प्रतिस्पर्धा से स्थानीय पौधों की विविधता में कमी आ सकती है, जिससे समग्र वनस्पति समुदाय की संरचना प्रभावित होती है।)

> Some invasive weeds, such as kudzu in the United States, can completely cover native trees and shrubs, effectively suffocating them and altering the ecosystem.

(कुछ आक्रामक खरपतवार, जैसे कि अमेरिका में कडज़ू, स्थानीय पेड़ों और झाड़ियों को पूरी तरह से ढक सकते हैं, जिससे वे दम घुटने जैसी स्थिति में आ जाते हैं और पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बदल जाता है।)

ii. Reduction in Agricultural Productivity (कृषि उत्पादकता में कमी):-

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