Phrases and clauses of structural and functional Grammar

Phrases and clauses of structural and functional Grammar (संरचनात्मक और कार्यात्मक व्याकरण के वाक्यांश और उपवाक्य):-

Phrases (वाक्यांश):- A phrase is a group of words that acts as a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and a predicate, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. Phrases add detail and complexity to sentences, but they are not complete thoughts.

(वाक्यांश शब्दों का एक समूह होता है जो एकल शब्द-भेद की तरह कार्य करता है, लेकिन इसमें विषय और विधेय नहीं होता है, इसलिए यह स्वतंत्र रूप से वाक्य के रूप में नहीं खड़ा हो सकता। वाक्यांश वाक्य में विवरण और जटिलता जोड़ते हैं, लेकिन ये संपूर्ण विचार व्यक्त नहीं करते।)

Types of Phrases (वाक्यांशों के प्रकार):-

i. Noun Phrase (संज्ञा वाक्यांश) (NP):- Functions as a noun within a sentence, usually includes a noun and its modifiers.

(वाक्य में संज्ञा के रूप में कार्य करता है, इसमें संज्ञा और उसके विशेषण होते हैं।)

Example (उदाहरण):- "The tall building," "A quick decision"

("लंबी इमारत," "एक त्वरित निर्णय")

ii. Verb Phrase (क्रिया वाक्यांश) (VP):- Contains a verb and any direct or indirect objects and complements.

(इसमें एक क्रिया और इसके प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म और पूरक होते हैं।)

Example (उदाहरण):- "is running quickly," "has been working on the project".

["तेजी से दौड़ रहा है," "परियोजना पर काम कर रहा है"]

iii. Adjective Phrase (विशेषण वाक्यांश):-

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