Reproduction and dissemination of weeds

Reproduction and dissemination of weeds (खरपतवारों का जनन एवं प्रसार):- The reproduction and dissemination of weeds in India involve a complex interplay of biological, ecological, and agricultural factors. Weeds, which are unwanted plants growing among crops, can adapt to various environments and often pose significant challenges to agriculture. 

(भारत में खरपतवारों का जनन और प्रसार जैविक, पारिस्थितिक और कृषि संबंधी कारकों का जटिल समन्वय है। खरपतवार, जो फसलों के बीच उगने वाले अवांछित पौधे होते हैं, विभिन्न पर्यावरणों के अनुकूल हो सकते हैं और अक्सर कृषि के लिए बड़ी चुनौतियाँ पेश करते हैं।)

Modes of Reproduction in Weeds (खरपतवारों में जनन के तरीके):- Weeds can reproduce through different mechanisms that make them resilient and widespread. These include:

(खरपतवार कई तरीकों से जनन कर सकते हैं, जो उन्हें टिकाऊ और व्यापक बनाते हैं। इनमें शामिल हैं:)

i. Sexual Reproduction (लैंगिक जनन):- Many weed species produce flowers and seeds through sexual reproduction, which involves pollination. The seeds can remain dormant in the soil and germinate when conditions are favorable.

(कई खरपतवार जातियाँ पुष्पों और बीजों के माध्यम से लैंगिक जनन करती हैं, जिसमें परागण शामिल होता है। बीज मिट्टी में प्रसुप्त रह सकते हैं और अनुकूल परिस्थितियों में अंकुरित हो सकते हैं।)

Examples (उदाहरण):- Parthenium hysterophorus (Congress grass) (कांग्रेस घास), Lantana camara, and Amaranthus spp.

ii. Asexual Reproduction (अलैंगिक जनन):-

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