SCIENCE AND AGRO STUDIES

Polyploidy :-   Deviation from the normal chromosome numbers in an organism is called polyploidy. It is of 2 types - 1.  Aneuploidy 2.  Euploidy 1.  Aneuploidy :- •     Definition :-   Generally, the number of chromosomes in the genome of each somatic cell of an organism is fixed. If there is a decrease or increase in the number of 1 or 2 chromosomes in the genome, it is called as aneuploidy. It is found mostly in animals. It is rarely seen in plants. •     Many types :- i.   Nullysomy  = (2n – 2) ii. Monosomy = (2n – 1) iii. Double monosomy = (2n – 1 – 1) iv. Trisomy = (2n + 1) v. Double trisomy = (2n + 1 + 1) vi. Tetrasomy = (2n + 2) 2.  Euploidy:- •     Definition:-   Normally, each somatic cell of organism has 2 copies of the genome. When more than 2 copies of the genome are found in the somatic cells of organism, it is called euploidy. It is found only in plants. It is completely abs...

1. Differentiate between Dominance and Epistasis. Dominance v/s Epistasis:-  Dominance refers to a relationship between two alleles of the same gene, whereas epistasis refers to a relationship between alleles of two different genes. प्रभाविता व अन्योन्यक्रिया में विभेद कीजिये। प्रभाविता बनाम अन्योन्यक्रिया:- प्रभाविता एक ही जीन के दो युग्मविकल्पियों के बीच एक संबंध को संदर्भित करता है, जबकि एपिस्टेसिस दो अलग-अलग जीनों के युग्मविकल्पियों के बीच के संबंध को संदर्भित करता है। 2. Transcription:-  It is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA. Here, adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine. Both strands are not copied during transcription, because:- -   The code for proteins is different in both strands. This complicates the translation. -   If 2 RNA molecules are produced simultaneously this would be complimentary to each other, hence form a double stranded RNA. This prevents translation. अनुलेखन:-  यह DNA की एक...

OUTLINE NOTES गुणसूत्र में संख्या परिवर्तन (Numerical Changes in Chromosome):- बहुगुणिता (Polyploidy) :-   किसी   जीव   में   सामान्य   गुणसूत्र   संख्या   का   विचलित   हो   जाना   ही   बहुगुणिता   कहलाती   है।   यह  2  प्रकार   की   होती   है  – ( Deviation from the normal chromosome numbers in an organism is called polyploidy. It is of 2 types - ) 1.  असत्यगुणिता  ( Aneuploidy ):- •     परिभाषा(Definition) :-  सामान्यतया   जीव   की   प्रत्येक   कायिक   कोशिका   के   जीनोम   में   गुणसूत्रों   की   संख्या   निश्चित   होती   है।   यदि   जीनोम   में  1  या  2  गुणसूत्रों   की   संख्या   में   कमी   या   वृद्धि   हो   जाये   तो   इसे   असत्यगुणिता   कहते   हैं।   यह   अधिकतर ...